可持续水产养殖的努力和海洋来源原料的高价格促使该行业不断增加植物性成分,并鼓励开发水产养殖日粮中的替代营养源。最近的一项研究证明,在零鱼粉(FM)日粮中添加 SANACORE GM® 以帮助鱼类应对 E. leei 感染的效果与添加 20% FM 以避免肠道对寄生虫易感性增加的效果相同(Piazzon 等人,2022 年)。","结论","随着对植物源成分研究的不断深入,以及养殖鱼类所面临的压力和病原体,生产力受阻所带来的经济损失凸显了饲料配方中功能性饲料添加剂的重要性和必要性。在这种情况下,SANACORE GM® 对肠道健康和鱼类性能的有益作用,以及对雷氏鳗的保护作用,使其成为地中海水产养殖业的核心功能性饲料添加剂。","如有要求,可提供参考资料。","产品名称和供应情况可能因地区而异,详情请联系当地 Adisseo 代表。","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/article_functional_feed_additive_for_gut_integrity_and_protection_against_the_intestinal_myxosporean_endoparasite_enteromyxum_leei_95f22b258c.pdf","以 PDF 格式下载本文","输入您的电子邮件以阅读全文","请输入您的电子邮件,只需登录一次即可访问所有内容并进行下载。","电子邮件地址","继续","装饰","/img/Decoration.svg","相关解决方案","/img/LineTop.svg","沙诺克","沙诺克是一种功能性饲料添加剂,可减少疾病和寄生虫对鱼虾产量的影响。","查看更多","分离器","/img/challenges/right-separator-straight.svg","我们的其他产品","查看全部","相关文章","顶线","/_next/image","减少细菌性疾病影响的水产饲料添加剂","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/aqua_06_a699e1a222.jpg","下载","标签分离器","/img/documents/tag-separator.svg","我希望与您联系","* 必须填写","名字 *","姓名","姓氏 *","姓氏","电子邮件 *","电子邮件","公司名称 *","公司名称","选择国家 *","请选择","澳大利亚","文莱达鲁萨兰国","柬埔寨","库克群岛","斐济","法属波利尼西亚","印度尼西亚","日本","基里巴斯","朝鲜民主主义人民共和国","大韩民国","老挝人民民主共和国","马来西亚","缅甸","瑙鲁","新西兰","纽埃","巴布亚新几内亚","菲律宾","萨摩亚","塞舌尔","新加坡","所罗门群岛","台湾","泰国","东帝汶","汤加","图瓦卢","瓦努阿图","越南","不丹","中国","香港","蒙古","阿尔巴尼亚","安道尔","亚美尼亚","奥地利","白俄罗斯","比利时","波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那","保加利亚","克罗地亚","塞浦路斯","捷克共和国","丹麦","爱沙尼亚","法罗群岛","芬兰","法国","格鲁吉亚","德国","希腊","罗马教廷(梵蒂冈城国)","匈牙利","冰岛","爱尔兰","意大利","哈萨克斯坦","拉脱维亚","列支敦士登","立陶宛","卢森堡","前南斯拉夫的马其顿共和国","马耳他","摩尔多瓦共和国","摩纳哥","黑山共和国","荷兰","挪威","波兰","葡萄牙","罗马尼亚","俄罗斯联邦","圣马力诺","塞尔维亚","斯洛伐克","斯洛文尼亚","西班牙","瑞典","瑞士","乌克兰","英国","乌兹别克斯坦","阿富汗","孟加拉国","印度","马尔代夫","尼泊尔","斯里兰卡","安提瓜和巴布达","阿根廷","阿鲁巴","巴哈马","巴巴多斯","伯里兹","玻利维亚多民族国","巴西","智利","哥伦比亚","哥斯达黎加","古巴","多米尼克","多米尼加共和国","厄瓜多尔","萨尔瓦多","格林纳达","危地马拉","圭亚那","海地","洪都拉斯","墨西哥","尼加拉瓜","巴拿马","巴拉圭","秘鲁","圣基茨和尼维斯","圣卢西亚","圣马丁(法国部分)","圣多美和普林西比","圣马丁岛(荷兰部分)","苏里南","特立尼达和多巴哥","乌拉圭","委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国","阿尔及利亚","安哥拉","阿塞拜疆","巴林","贝宁","博茨瓦纳","布基纳法索","布隆迪","喀麦隆","佛得角","中非共和国","乍得","科摩罗","刚果","科特迪瓦","吉布提","埃及","赤道几内亚","厄立特里亚","埃塞俄比亚","加蓬","冈比亚","加纳","几内亚","几内亚比绍","伊朗伊斯兰共和国","伊拉克","以色列","约旦","肯尼亚","科威特","吉尔吉斯斯坦","黎巴嫩","莱索托","利比里亚","利比亚","马达加斯加","马拉维","马里","毛里塔尼亚","毛里求斯","摩洛哥","莫桑比克","纳米比亚","尼日尔","尼日利亚","阿曼","巴基斯坦","巴勒斯坦","卡塔尔","团聚","卢旺达","沙特阿拉伯","塞内加尔","塞拉利昂","索马里","南非","南苏丹","苏丹","斯威士兰","阿拉伯叙利亚共和国","塔吉克斯坦","坦桑尼亚联合共和国","多哥","突尼斯","土耳其","土库曼斯坦","乌干达","阿联酋","也门","赞比亚","津巴布韦","加拿大","牙买加","美国","留言","输入您的信息...","本表中收集的信息将传送给安迪苏 有关部门,以管理您对本网站的意见和信息要求。更多信息,请参阅信息公告。","我同意将我的个人数据用于上述目的。","提交","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/contact_us_749c466df0.svg","Adisseo","我们是谁","导览","挑战","协作中心","https://careers.adisseo.com/about-us?lang=en-US","© 2025安迪苏。","https://www.facebook.com/AdisseoGlobal","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/Facebook_2032c8da87.svg","https://twitter.com/Adisseo","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/X_4342640b3f.svg","https://strapi-adisseo-media.s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com/Linked_In_168b4a177f.svg","法律信息","隐私政策","网站地图","您现在位于欧洲地区"]}
Panos G. Kalatzis, Maria Mercè Isern-Subich, Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín, Adisseo
A healthy alimentary canal is a fundamental element for the optimal growth and performance of all cultured fish.
Apart from nutrient absorption and digestion, which are its main functions, the gut plays also a major role in sustaining fish health (Kristen et al., 2012; Tarnecki et al., 2017). However, there are several, both non-infectious and infectious factors, that may cause imbalance among the major components of the gut: microbiota, epithelium and intraepithelial leukocytes. The amount of scientific research on gut microbiota has been growing exponentially over the past few years (Egerton et al., 2018; Bozzi et al., 2021), however, the complexity of gut microbiome and the potential interventions that may lead to better fish health and performance has only scratched the surface (Montalban et al., 2015). The clinical picture of such an imbalanced gut is called enteritis and occurs in the form of generalized intestinal inflammation, triggered by the activation of the intraepithelial immune cells such as macrophages.
Figure 1. (A) Transepothelial resistance of anterior intestine with and without SANACORE GM® supplementation (0.5%). Tissue resistance in the intestine of healthy seabream juveniles of 100g is expected to be >150 Ω cm2, therefore a threshold has been set with dotted line. (B) A statistically significant difference of 30% higher tissue resistance is reported under SANACORE GM® supplementation (0.5%). Statistical significance is stated by *.
The inflammatory response of the intestine is the defensive mechanism of the organism due to an infection or an injury. Although it is rather beneficial in the short term, if prolonged, it can lead to chronic inflammation which undermines both nutrient absorption and immunity functions of the gut. The combination of nutritional factors, such as the use of plant-based ingredients in the feed and gut pathogens, for instance the myxosporean parasite Enteromyxum leei, can further cause severe disruption of the gut integrity, undermining the growth and performance of the fish (Sitjà-Bobadilla et al., 2019; Piazzon et al., 2022). It should also be noted that a well-functioning gut is a prerequisite for the avoidance of the subclinical picture of the fish, which may not show direct consequences at once but will do so as soon as any abrupt or steep changes eg. suboptimal temperature, high stocking densities, opportunistic pathogens, vaccination or transfer stress, etc. appear in the environment. Therefore, functional feed additives which are able to enforce and protect gut health may claim today a prominent role in the formula.
Figure 2. (A) Internal:External perimeter ratio. On the left section (SANACORE GM®) the ratio is higher by 7% compared to the right (CONTROL) and the intestine is presented intact and well-developed with many well-shaped villi. (B) External:Internal diameter ratio. On the left section (SANACORE GM®) the ratio is higher by 11% compared to the right (CONTROL) because the development of the villi is more consistent, leading to a smaller lumen space.
The objective of the present article is to assess and present the impact that the functional feed additive under the commercial name SANACORE GM® can render on the host’s gut. The documented beneficial effects on gut integrity, villi formation, anti- inflammatory response and consequent protective activity against the myxosporean parasite E. leei draw the picture of a healthier gut which not only generates better performance indices but also makes it harder for pathogens to infiltrate and damage the tissue.
SANACORE GM® by Adisseo is a broad-spectrum, health-promoting additive based on components that deliver gut integrity and anti-inflammatory action. The positive impact of SANACORE GM® on gut integrity and health promotion has been extensively documented in the literature and reported by EU aquaculture projects such as ParaFishControl.
The functionality of the intestine for both digestion and health performance requires gut integrity to be intact. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of the intestine, as an indicator of gut integrity, has been measured in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, fed a 10% fishmeal diet supplemented with SANACORE GM®. TER was 30% significantly higher under supplementation and in relation to the control group (Fig. 1). The tighter the junctions among the cells, the more difficult for the electrical current to pass, hence, a tangible improvement of gut integrity is capitalized to better nutrient absorption, improved growth performance, and more robust fish health.
Morphometrical studies on the seabream’s gut, corroborate the previous result by focusing on the length and surface of intestinal villi. The villi from the hindgut, which is the most sensitive to inflammation part of the gut, indicate that internal:external gut perimeter and external:internal gut diameter fractions are higher by 7% and 11%, respectively, under SANACORE GM® supplementation (Fig. 2). The biological
Figure 3. Resilience to inflammation following a cytomix stimulus. The ELISA results showed that in all 4 different concentrations (0.1x, 0.2x, 0.4x and 1x) and both time points (2h and 16h), SANACORE GM® was the most efficient additive in maintaining the inflammatory status below threshold.
meaning of these numbers is translated into more consistently developed villi, less inflamed villi, larger lumen space, bigger mucosal surface and consequently improved gut integrity.
The inflammatory process is mediated by the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins (IL). IL-8 has been particularly studied and extensively used in research as a biomarker for the inflammatory cascade acting as a neutrophil leukocyte chemoattractant or activator (Kim et al., 2019; Laing et al., 2002; Laing et al., 2004). The in vitro model using the caco-2 cell line (van de Walle et al., 2010), which originates from epithelial cells mimicking a functional intestine barrier, was used in order to assess the inflammatory response to SANACORE GM® and two other commercial feed additives. The cells were exposed to a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines (cytomix) and it was shown that supplementation with SANACORE GM® was the most efficient in maintaining the IL-8 levels below the anti-inflammatory effect threshold of 90%, whereas the other tested additives generated either no effect (90-110%) or proinflammatory effect (>110%) for most concentrations and time points (Fig. 3).
Supporting gut integrity and intestinal health is directly reflected in the successful application of SANACORE GM® as a preventive strategy against pathogenicinfestations. E. leei is a myxosporean endoparasite that colonizes the gut and occasionally can also be found in the bile. Enteromyxosis in gilthead seabream is a more chronic, rather than acute, condition since instead of causing immediate mortality, it gradually causes anorexia, weight loss, muscle reduction and eventually death. However, when illustrated in more sensitive fish, such as the sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) and the red seabream (Pagrus major) mortality can be induced much faster (Palenzuela et al., 2020; Henry et al., 2020). The route of infection for the parasite passes through the already loose junctions among the epithelial cells and further exacerbates the clinical picture of enteritis. The disruption of gut integrity compromises the host’s health while rendering it vulnerable to secondary infections as well. E. leei is a case in point for the Mediterranean aquaculture, particularly for gilthead and sharpsnout seabream (Palenzuela et al., 2020; Henry et al., 2020). In the former case, SANACORE GM® could mitigate the SGR decrease caused by the infection by up to 15% versus the untreated infected control. A functional feed could also lower the prevalence of the infestation by 30% whereas the mean parasitic abundance per fish was significantly lower compared to untreated control (Palenzuela et al., 2020). In the case of sharpsnout seabream, SANACORE GM® had an immune-promoting effect on the antibacterial, anti- protease and ceruloplasmin activity compared to the untreated positive control (Henry et al., 2020).
Efforts for sustainable aquaculture and high prices that accompany the ingredients of marine origin have led the industry to constantly increase the inclusion of plant- based components and encourage the development of alternative nutrient sources in aquaculture diets. A recent study has proved that reinforcing a zero fishmeal (FM) diet with SANACORE GM® to support fish in dealing with E. leei infection is as effective as a 20% FM in avoiding the increased intestinal susceptibility to the parasite (Piazzon et al., 2022).
The economic losses accompanied by hampered productivity along with the increasing research for plant-origin ingredients coupled with the stressors and pathogens to which culture fish are exposed, highlight the importance and necessity of functional feed additives in the feed formula. Under these circumstances, the beneficial effects SANACORE GM® on gut health and fish performance complemented by the protective impact against E. leei, enforce its role as a core functional feed additive for the Mediterranean aquaculture.
References available on request.
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